If Joshua Gowin asks you out for a drink, be sure he's going to analyse your behaviour after every beer. A researcher with the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in Washington DC, Gowin spent eight years studying how genetics determine the way alcohol affects us.
Last year, in an experiment, the 31-year-old observed 11 participants in a room where they were served varying amounts of alcohol without revealing the exact potency of each drink. the exact potency of each drink.
Participants were then given tasks like earning money. They were informed about a partner in another room, who they could not see. This partner would help them make money, but would also steal their cash. The theft worked to provoke the subject, Gowin explains. After a couple of drinks, participants tried to steal their money back from the partners. The more they drank, the more they stole.
Brain freeze
Gowin correlated the dose of alcohol to the amount of cash acquired through theft, to determine aggression levels.
He clarifies though, that the behaviour cannot entirely be blamed on drinking. "No substance can introduce feelings. It can only heighten it." So if you are drinking with a colleague you have had a crush on, you are more likely to confess your undying love after you drain the contents of a pitcher.
Alcohol dulls the activity of the prefrontal cortex, making you more impulsive. That's the part of your brain that makes rational decisions that prove beneficial in the long-term.
Your hidden hulk
Whether you translate that impulse to dance atop the bar, walk up to a pretty girl, or pick a fight with the bartender, depends on your personality.
Genes in a bottle
The intensity of this behaviour varies from person to person, he shares, and it's dependent on tolerance. Women have a lower level of tolerance than men. It is attributed to body size (men tend to be taller and broader than women). "Alcohol is distributed equally across the body, so the same amount of alcohol will have a stronger impact on a woman than a man," says Gowin.
Genetics also affects tolerance.
When conducting research, scientists prefer to study the effects of a phenomenon on twins; identical and fraternal. There is evidence that risks of alcoholism can be passed down if there is a family history of alcohol abuse. In 50% cases, fraternal twins with a family history of substance abuse found that either one would display similar signs. However, in identical twins, results were 100%. This proved that both siblings showed signs of alcoholism. The reason, Gowin explains, has to do with how alcohol affects you.
"Usually, a couple of pints will make you drowsy but someone with genetic influence for alcoholism won't feel the effects, and so, will drink more," he says.
Tolerance, however, can be acquired through repeated binge sessions.
However, there are external social factors that may override this behaviour.
The outside force
Fatigue, sleep deprivation and temperament are known to increase the effects of alcohol. "This is because, sleep deprivation works in the same manner that alcohol does. In a way, it creates a highlike condition," says Gowin. At this point, if you have a drink, it will feel equal to the effect of two drinks.
In the '90s, marketers were known to play loud music in malls to observe increased buying. Similarly, loud music at a bar, can drive a person to drink faster. Company matters too. If you are with people who chug their drink, you are likely to mimic them.
If a non-sports fan enters a sports bar during match time, he is likely to cheer as loudly after a few pegs. It's a social study, which means data is variable, but sociologists suspect it stems from the need for social acceptance.
Location and memories associated with the venue also affect your mood.
Say, you are visiting a pub that you once frequented with co-workers on a Friday night. Drinking here, will spark a pleasant high, as opposed to a pub where you got dumped.
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