WHAT IS CHEMICAL PREGNANCY?
A fertilised egg or a pregnancy produces a hormone called hCG i.e. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin. The level of this hormone in the blood determines the health of the egg. Once the level of this hormone in the blood crosses a particular level, it is detected in the urine; this is when a urine pregnancy test results positive. It usually happens within one-two days of missing the periods. However, in the case of a chemical pregnancy , the level of hCG in the blood keeps going down as the process of pregnancy has stopped.
EXPERTS SPEAK
Dr. Rakhi Gaitonde, a gynaecologist, mentioned that a lot of women ignore delayed periods thinking it to be normal, as stress or sickness are also known to cause it.However, not many are aware of chemical pregnancy, which is also referred to as early miscarriage. This happens when a fertilised egg does not attach itself to the uterine wall. "It means that the miscarriage happened at a point of time between a missed period and biochemical tests (beta hCG estimation test). The home pregnancy test is the only evidence that the woman was pregnant as it happened before an ultrasound test could recognise it," explains Dr. Mohan Raut, MD PGO, infertility specialist. Raut also adds that delayed periods is so normal that several women do not even suspect a pregnancy , even after missing their periods for as long as three weeks. Unlike miscarriages, which typically occur at a later stage of gestation, chemical pregnancies occur just after implantation, hence a lot of women are unaware of the occurrence.
THE SIGNS
Most cases of chemical pregnancies do not show any symptoms, whatsoever. Some women report cramps in the abdomen or slight spotting a few days before their period is due. "Since the pregnancy is premature, there are no relative symptoms like fatigue or nausea. Moreover, since the fertilised egg did not implant itself to the uterine wall, the growth of the pregnancy stops," says Gaitonde. Only blood tests done at an early stage (within a day or two of missing periods) might reveal hCG count.
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?
Most experts assert that the reason for chemical pregnancies is the same as other miscarriages. "Abnormal chromosomes in the developing embryo is one of the most important reasons.Several factors such as poor quality of the sperm or egg, an abnormal cell division of the foetus or genetic abnormalities in either of the parents; in fact, an untreated thyroid can also lead to chemical pregnancy," says Dr. Rohit Ramchandran, MD PGO, infertility specialist.
TREATMENT
However unfortunate it might be, chemical pregnancies cannot be prevented nor treated. "Only couples undergoing an IVF treatment understand that they've had a chemical pregnancy, as their blood is frequently tested," says Ramchandran.Women who undergo chemical pregnancy are encouraged to follow-up with tests to ensure their hCG levels return to normal. However, women need not worry or stress about it, since there is no evidence suggesting that chemical pregnancies affect future pregnancies.
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