Heather Stapleton and colleagues explained that many U.S. manufacturers adhere to California's flammability standard — termed "Technical Bulletin 117" (TB117) — and use flame retardants in residential furniture.
The 1975 standard (now being modified to increase fire safety without flame retardants) focused on saving lives by protecting against home fires started by candles, matches and other small flames.
Research, however, indicated that flame retardants can migrate from foam to household dust to people and pets. Other research linked flame retardants with adverse health effects.
Stapleton's team set out to gather information that consumers often lack, including which couches contain flame retardants and what kinds.
The researchers analyzed 102 foam samples from residential couches and found that more manufacturers — about 85 percent — are now using flame retardants in their couches compared to the past.
For couches purchased in the last seven years, 93 percent contained flame retardants. More than half of the couches contained untested flame retardants or retardants that have raised health concerns, including "Tris," which is considered a probable human carcinogen based on animal studies and was phased out from use in baby pajamas in 1977.
The study was published in ACS' journal Environmental Science and Technology.
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